INSTITUTO DE PESQUISAS ENERGÉTICAS E NUCLEARES
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  • IPEN-DOC 26393

    FERREIRA, EDUARDO G.A. ; MARUMO, JULIO T. ; FRANCO, MARGARETH K.K.D. ; YOKAICHIYA, FABIANO; VICENTE, ROBERTO . 10000 years cement: Can hydrated cement last as much as long-lived radionuclides?. Cement and Concrete Composites, v. 103, p. 339-352, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.05.016

    Abstract: This review is focused on the long-term performance of cementitious materials in a repository for radioactive waste. During the last few years, the disposal of disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS) in a borehole type repository has been studied by many countries. The borehole concept is particularly useful to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and DSRS. In boreholes for DSRS, cementitious materials are intended to be used as structural material, immobilization matrix and as backfill. The understanding of the performance of these materials is essential to ensure the safety of the facilities during their required lifetime, from centuries to many thousands of years, depending on the initial activity and half-life of the waste. This review approaches the behavior of the cement from the hydration and hardening to the long-term processes that can affect its durability. Three main causes of failure of repository-engineered barriers are recognized: a) the formation of a preferential pathway for the migration of the contained radionuclides to the biosphere; b) loss of resistance and cohesion of the structural cementitious material; and c) the increase in the corrosion processes of the metallic components of the structures that affect the overall containment of the facility.

    Palavras-Chave: cement industry; portland cement; radioactive wastes; geologic formations; underground disposal; performance; chemical composition; mineralogy; radiations; magnetic fields; hydration

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  • IPEN-DOC 23152

    BERECZKI, ALLAN ; WETTER, NIKLAUS U. . 100W continuous linearly polarized, high beam quality output from standard side-pumped Nd:YAG laser modules. Optics and Laser Technology, v. 96, p. 271-275, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.05.020

    Abstract: Dynamically stable operation with joined stability zones of a linearly polarized resonator is shown for a laser containing two diode side-pumped Nd:YAG rods. The unpolarized resonator generated 115W of output. When polarized by a Brewster plate, it reached 100.5W of output power at a beam quality M2 < 2. Best measured beam quality was of 1.1 and 1.3 in the x and y directions respectively, with 76W of 95% polarized output. The output power achieved is, to our knowledge, the highest reported for continuous polarized, fundamental-mode lasers using standard side-pumped Nd:YAG modules.

    Palavras-Chave: neodymium lasers; lasers; resonators; solid state lasers; temperature dependence; diode-pumped solid state lasers; beams; quality factor

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  • IPEN-DOC 30192

    FAROOQ, SAJID ; GERMANO, GLEICE ; STANCARI, KLEBER A. ; RAFFAELI, ROCIO; CROCE, MARIA V.; CROCE, ADELA E.; ZEZELL, DENISE M. . A 3D discriminant analysis for hyperspectral FTIR images. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL MEMS AND NANOPHOTONICS; SBFOTON INTERNATIONAL OPTICS AND PHOTONICS CONFERENCE, July 31 - August 3, 2023, Campinas, SP. Proceedings... Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2023. DOI: 10.1109/OMN/SBFOTONIOPC58971.2023.10230933

    Abstract: Here, we apply a 3D discriminant analysis approach to analyze FTIR hyperspectral images of normal vs malignant Melanoma (MM) samples for skin cancer diagnosis. For this porpose we used 2 samples, for Normal (49k) and for MM(90k). Our results evidence the outstanding performance with accuracy up to 81% for big data (> 100k).

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  • IPEN-DOC 29224

    ARAUJO, MARIANA S. de . 45S5 Bioglass®-based compositions containing alumina and strontium / Composições à base de Biovidro®45S5 contendo alumina e estrôncio . 2021. Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 102 p. Orientador: Sonia Regina Homem de Mello Castanho. DOI: 10.11606/T.85.2021.tde-12092022-114551

    Observação: Há arquivos retidos devido a solicitação (publicação de dados, patentes ou diretos autorais). Data de Liberação: 28/01/2023.

    Abstract: Bioactive glasses are one of the pioneering material for biomedical applications and have been widely used for orthopedic and dental implant surfaces. However, their limited mechanical strength, low toughness, and wear resistance, as well as a high tendency to crystallize, have prevented their use as load bearing devices or that need to undergo thermal treatment during its production. In view of reduce its drawbacks the present research exposes the influence of 2 mol% of Al2O3 and 2 mol% SrO in 45S5 Bioglass®-based compositions. Four compositions were produced to elucidate the difference in how both oxides, separately and their synergy when together, affected the structure, thermal, bioactivity and mechanical behavior. Changes of medium-range structures were characterized by Qn distribution of Raman spectroscopy and evaluation of 31P, 27Al, 23Na and 29Si environment obtained by Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR). Despite Qn distribution was predominantly Q2 in all samples the composition criteria used enabled improved processing and stabilibity characteristics. The addition of Al2O3 and SrO promoted larger sinterability parameter (Sc) which indicates better sintering behavior, the glass stability against crystallization doubled (KH) compared to 45S5 and the processing window enlarged from 106 to 171. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis after in vitro bioactivity test indicates that 480 min of soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution was sufficient for reconfiguration of the pre-existent features favoring the appearance of phosphate and carbonate phases. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) provided information upon the layers formed rich in calcium and phosphorous and silanol groups. The changes made in composition did not affect the reactivity but caused a decrease in maxima of pH. After overnight incubation, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was between 4 and 8 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 8 ppm. The results suggested that both the different pH and rate of degradation may be the reason for the different antibacterial behavior of the samples. Moreover, all the compositions studied were considered non-cytotoxic by the neutral red uptake methodology. Considering changes in mechanical behavior the bending strength increased by 60% and toughness doubled. On the other hand, the wear resistance obtained against steel was found to be three times higher than 45S5. For the aforementioned reasons, the use of these new bioactive glasses might be a promising solution for the reconstruction of bone defects, as well as for the treatment and eradication of bone infections.

    Palavras-Chave: biological materials; glass; ceramics; composite materials; pharmacology; bioassay; in vitro; aluminium oxides; strontium oxides; apatites; calcium phosphates; fourier transform spectrometers; nuclear magnetic resonance; nmr spectrometers; raman spectroscopy; solid state physics

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  • IPEN-DOC 26398

    PAPAI, RODRIGO; FREITAS, MILLENA A.S. de; FONSECA, KARINA T. da; ALMEIDA, GILMAR A. de ; SILVEIRA, JOÃO R.F. da; SILVA, ANDRE L.N. da; FERREIRA NETO, JOÃO B.; SANTOS, CELIA A.L. dos; LANDGRAF, FERNANDO J.G.; LUZ, MACIEL S.. Additivity of optical emissions applied to neodymium and praseodymium quantification in metallic didymium and (Nd,Pr)-Fe-B alloy samples by low-resolution atomic emission spectrometry: an evaluation of the mathematical approach used to solve spectral interferences. Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 1085, p. 21-28, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.049

    Abstract: In this work, the effectiveness of a mathematical approach to solve the spectral interferences involved in the optical emission of two chemical species (neodymium and praseodymium) when using monochromators with low-resolution in atomic spectrometry is evaluated. Although recent technological advances have promoted spectrometers equipped with high-resolution monochromators, which have a great instrumental capability in the separation of nearby lines and consequently avoid spectral interferences, many laboratories still have old spectrometers installed with insufficient resolution to overcome such interferences. In order to evaluate a mathematical approach based on Lambert-Beer's Law, the optical emissions of neodymium and praseodymium were monitored on a low-resolution (200 pm) flame atomic emission spectrometry (F-AES). These two elements were strategically chosen as an application model because they exhibit similar physicochemical properties, joint occurrence in nature and because they are increasingly used in the manufacture of super-magnets, a material increasingly required by the high technology industry. The effectiveness of the mathematical approach was evaluated in three different ways: (i) by recovery of the analytes in synthetic mixtures containing known quantities of the species; (ii) by spike and recovery trials on a representative blend of dissolved samples and (iii) by comparing the results obtained with another analytical method: Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) with a higher spectral resolution. The results indicate the effectiveness of this simple mathematical approach, allow the “survival” of instruments equipped with low-resolution monochromators and demonstrate the applicability of this approach to spectral correction. In addition, this work contributes an analytical method for the quantification of neodymium and praseodymium in metallic alloy samples involved in the production of super-magnets, aiding in the strict quality control of these materials.

    Palavras-Chave: additives; emission; absorption spectroscopy; neodymium; praseodymium; spectra; interference; atoms

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  • IPEN-DOC 26077

    ANA, PATRICIA A.; PEREIRA, DAISA de L. ; FERREIRA, ELIZABETE dos S.; FIGUEREDO, DANIELA C.; DAGUANO, JULIANA K.F.B.; ZEZELL, DENISE M. . Advances in the prevention and monitoring of root dentin demineralization using lasers. In: SBFOTON INTERNATIONAL OPTICS AND PHOTONICS CONFERENCE, October 7-9, 2019, São Paulo, SP. Proceedings... 2019.

    Abstract: The increase in the life expectancy and the longer permanence of the teeth in the oral cavity also led to an augment in the prevalence of root caries lesions. These lesions require more attention because of their rapid progression and difficulty in early diagnosis and monitoring. In this context, the irradiation of the tissues with high intensity lasers has been shown as an important way for preventing lesion formation because lasers chemically modify the irradiated dental hard tissues and make them more resistant to acid challenge. In addition, the association with ceramic biomaterials may allow additional remineralizing results. Together with therapeutics, the effective early diagnosis of incipient lesions is indispensable. Techniques that use lasers, such as optical coherence tomography, have also been promising in this aspect because they allow the early diagnosis and monitoring of demineralizations with high resolution and in a non-detrimental way. This article aims to show the actions of high intensity laser therapies when associated or not with biomaterials, on the prevention and remineralization of root caries lesions, as well as the effectiveness of optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and monitoring the effects of the treatments in these lesions.

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  • IPEN-DOC 30043

    BAFFA, MATHEUS de F.O.; BACHMANN, LUCIANO; ZEZELL, DENISE M. ; PEREIRA, THIAGO M.; DESERNO, THOMAS M.; FELIPE, JOAQUIM C.. Advancing thyroid pathologies detection with recurrent neural networks and micro-FTIR hyperspectral imaging. In: ALMEIDA, JOAO R. (Ed.); SPILIOPOULOU, MYRA (Ed.); ANDRADES, JOSE A.B. (Ed.); PLACIDI, GIUSEPPE (Ed.); GONZALEZ, ALEJANDRO R. (Ed.); SICILIA, ROSA (Ed.); KANE, BRIDGET (Ed.) INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS, 36th, June 22-24, 2023, L’Aquila, Italy. Proceedings... Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2023. p. 611-615. DOI: 10.1109/CBMS58004.2023.00288

    Abstract: Thyroid disorders are a complex group of diseases that require an accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Fine-needle aspiration biopsies can assist in detecting many thyroid diseases. These materials can be analyzed visually using traditional computer vision methods, despite the limitations of complex samples. To address this problem, we propose a novel approach that uses hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to analyze thyroid biological samples. HSI measures the absorbance of infrared light by biological samples using a micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) and converts this data into hyperspectral images. In this study, we used HSI to train and validate a recurrent neural network to classify thyroid samples as healthy, cancerous, or goiter. Our experiments, based on the k-fold cross-validation, achieved an overall accuracy of 96.88%, a sensitivity of 96.87%, and a specificity of 98.45%. These results demonstrate the potential of hyperspectral imaging as a tool to assist pathologists in the diagnosis of thyroid disease.

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  • IPEN-DOC 27164

    BENALCAZAR JALKH, E.B.; BERGAMO, E.T.P.; MONTEIRO, K.N.; CESAR, P.F.; GENOVA, L.A. ; LOPES, A.C.O.; LISBOA FILHO, P.N.; COELHO, P.G.; SANTOS, C.F.; BORTOLIN, F.; PIZA, M.M.T.; BONFANTE, E.A.. Aging resistance of an experimental zirconia-toughened alumina composite for large span dental prostheses: optical and mechanical characterization. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, v. 104, p. 1-9, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103659

    Abstract: Purpose: To synthesize a zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) composite with 85% alumina matrix reinforced by 15% zirconia and to characterize its optical and mechanical properties before and after artificial aging, to be compared with a conventional dental zirconia (3Y-TZP). Material and methods: After syntheses, ZTA and 3Y-TZP powders were uniaxially and isostatically pressed. Greenbody samples were sintered and polished to obtain 80 disc-shaped specimens per group (12 x 1 mm, ISO 6872:2015). The crystalline content and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Optical properties were determined by the calculation of contrast ratio (CR) and translucency parameter (TP) using reflectance data. Mechanical properties were assessed by Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and biaxial flexural strength test (BFS). All analyses were conducted before and after artificial aging (20h, 134 °C, 0.22 MPa). Optical parameters and microhardness differences were evaluated through repeated-measures analysis of variance (p < 0.05). BFS data were analyzed using Weibull statistics (95% CI). Results: The synthesis of the experimental ZTA composite was successful, with 98% of theoretical density, as shown in the SEM images. XRD patterns revealed typical zirconia and alumina crystalline phases. ZTA optical properties parameters showed no effect of aging, with a high CR and low TP values denoting a high maskingability. 3Y-TZP presented lower masking-ability and aging significantly affected its optical properties. ZTA Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and Weibull parameters, including characteristic stress and Weibull modulus were not influenced by aging, while 3Y-TZP presented a significant decrease in characteristic stress and increase in fracture toughness after aging. The ZTA probability of survival for missions of 300 and 500 MPa was estimated at ~99% validating its use for 3-unit posterior fixed dental prostheses (FDP), and no different from conventional 3Y-TZP. At high-stress mission (800 MPa) a significant decrease in probability of survival was observed for aged 3Y-TZP (84%) and for immediate and aged ZTA (73 and 82% respectively). Conclusion: The ZTA composite presented a dense microstructure, with preservation of the crystalline content, optical and mechanical properties after artificial aging, which encourages future research to validate its potential use for large span FDP.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium oxides; zirconium oxides; aging; ceramics; microstructure; optical properties; optical microscopes

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  • IPEN-DOC 27560

    JALKH, ERNESTO B.B.; MONTEIRO, KELLI N.; CESAR, PAULO F.; GENOVA, LUIS A. ; BERGAMO, EDMARA T.P.; LOPES, ADOLFO C. de O.; LIMA, ERICK; LISBOA-FILHO, PAULO N.; CAMPOS, TIAGO M.B.; WITEK, LUKASZ; COELHO, PAULO G.; BORGES, ANA F.S.; BONFANTE, ESTEVAM A.. Aging resistant ZTA composite for dental applications: microstructural, optical and mechanical characterization. Dental Materials, v. 36, n. 9, p. 1190-1200, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.05.011

    Abstract: Objective. To synthesize a zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) composite with 70% aluminareinforced by 30% zirconia for dental applications and to characterize its microstructureand optical properties for comparison with the isolated counterpart materials and a first-generation 3Y-TZP.Methods. Disc-shaped specimens were divided in four groups (n = 70/material): (1) 3YSB-E(first generation 3Y-TZP), (2) Zpex (second generation 3Y-TZP), (3) alumina, and (4) ZTA-Zpex70/30. After synthesis, ceramic powders were pressed, and green-body samples sinteredfollowing a predetermined protocol. Specimens were polished to obtain a mirror surfacefinish. Apparent density was measured by Archimedes principle. X-ray diffraction (XRD)and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the crystalline contentand microstructure. Reflectance tests were performed to determine the contrast-ratio (CR)and translucency-parameter (TP). Mechanical properties were assessed by biaxial flexuralstrength (BFS) test. All analyses were conducted before and after artificial aging (20 h, 134◦C, 2.2 bar). Optical parameters were evaluated through repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). BFS data were analyzed using Weibull statistics (95% CI). Results. High density values (95–99%) were found for all ceramic materials and SEM images exhibited a dense microstructure. While XRD patterns revealed the preservation of crys- talline content in the ZTA composite, an increase in the monoclinic peak was observed for pure zirconias after aging. Significantly higher CR and lower TP values were observed for the ZTA composite, followed by alumina, 3YSB-E, and Zpex. The highest characteristic stress was recorded for 3YSB-E, followed by intermediate values between ZTA and Zpex, and the lowest for alumina. Aging affected the optical and mechanical properties of both zirconias, while remained stable for ZTA composite and alumina. Significance. The synthesis of experimental 70−30% ZTA composite was successful and its relevance for dental applications relies on its higher masking ability, aging resistance, and strength similar to zirconia.

    Palavras-Chave: composite materials; zirconium oxides; aluminium oxides; mechanical properties; optical properties; microstructure; dentistry; prostheses

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  • IPEN-DOC 27828

    PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; MARCHINI, LEONARDO G. ; KOMATSU, LUIZ G.H. ; OLIVEIRA, CAMILA B. de ; OLIANI, WASHINGTON L. ; RANGARI, VIJAYA K.. AgNPs@ZnO hybride nanoparticles infused thermoplastic polyester elastomer and their biocide effect. SN Applied Sciences, v. 3, n. 4, 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04365-2

    Abstract: This paper presents research results of biocidal effect of thermoplastic- polyester-elastomer (TPE-E) with incorporation of hybrid Ag/ZnO/SiO2 NPs (silver/Zinc oxide/SiO2 nanoparticles). These results were compared with various gamma-irradiated doses and processing techniques including extrusion, injection molding and compression molding. In all these processing techniques the TPE-E was mixed with mineral oil and Ag/ZnO/SiO2 nanoparticles. The TPE-E nanocomposites were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), Infrared FT spectroscopy (FTIR), surface enhanced Raman technique (SERS), FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM (transmission electronic microscopy) and antimicrobial test. Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, are reported and these results showed potential application in health care products.

    Palavras-Chave: gamma radiation; irradiation; antibiotics; nanoparticles; silver; processing; thermoplastics

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  • IPEN-DOC 27841

    BERGAMO, EDMARA T.P.; CARDOSO, KARINA B.; LINO, LUCAS F.O.; CAMPOS, TIAGO M.B.; MONTEIRO, KELLI N.; CESAR, PAULO F.; GENOVA, LUIS A. ; THIM, GILMAR P.; COELHO, PAULO G.; BONFANTE, ESTEVAM A.. Alumina-toughened zirconia for dental applications: physicochemical, mechanical, optical, and residual stress characterization after artificial aging. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, v. 109, n. 8, p. 1135-1144, 2021. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34776

    Abstract: To characterize the physicomechanical properties of an alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ). ATZ synthesis consisted of the addition of alumina particles in an yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) matrix. Specimens were obtained by uniaxial and isostatic pressing ATZ and 3Y-TZP powders and sintering at 1600°C/1 h and 1550°C/1 h, respectively. Crystalline content and residual stress were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical properties were determined by reflectance test. Mechanical properties were assessed by biaxial flexural strength test. All analyses were performed before and after aging (134°C, 20 h, 2 bar). XRD and SEM revealed a typical ATZ and 3Y-TZP crystalline content, chiefly tetragonal phase, with a dense polycrystalline matrix, though a smaller grain size for ATZ. Aging triggered a similar monoclinic transformation for both systems; however, ATZ exhibited higher residual compressive stresses than 3Y-TZP. While as-processed 3Y-TZP demonstrated significantly higher characteristic strength relative to ATZ, no significant difference was observed after aging (~215 MPa increase in the ATZ strength). ATZ presented significantly higher opacity relative to 3Y-TZP, although aging significantly increased the translucency of both systems (increase difference significantly higher in the 3Y-TZP compared to ATZ). ATZ physicomechanical properties support its applicability in the dental field, with a lower detrimental effect of aging relative to 3Y-TZP.

    Palavras-Chave: zirconium; dentistry; ceramics; composite materials; optical properties; aging

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  • IPEN-DOC 26399

    ROVANI, SUZIMARA ; SANTOS, JONNATAN J.; CORIO, PAOLA; FUNGARO, DENISE A. . An alternative and simple method for the preparation of bare silica nanoparticles using sugarcane waste ash, an abundant and despised residue in the Brazilian industry. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, v. 30, n. 7, p. 1524-1533, 2019. DOI: 10.21577/0103-5053.20190049

    Abstract: Sugarcane waste ash, a Si-rich waste product, is generated in large quantities and creates a serious disposal problem in the Brazilian ethanol-sugar industry, affecting the environment and public health. Here, a simple method capable of generating bare silica nanoparticles utilizing this residue is demonstrated. Firstly, the crystalline silica present in sugarcane waste ash (SWA) was converted into amorphous by melting a mixture of sodium hydroxide and SWA at 550 °C for 1 h. The silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) were formed by lowing pH. This production process of SiO2NPs from SWA was optimized varying the ash:NaOH mass ratio, increasing the silica extraction up to 96%. The sample’s composition was characterized by total X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, morphology and physical-chemical properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, specific surface area measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), followed by use as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye. With this process of extraction, nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm were generated, with a surface area of 63 m2 g-1 and a maximum adsorption capacity of 37 mg g-1 for methylene blue. The results indicate a successful process for obtaining an adsorbent from an industrial waste product using a cost effective and rapid synthesis procedure rendering renewable product.

    Palavras-Chave: sugar cane; wastes; adsorbents; silica; nanoparticles; ethanol fuels; ashes; sodium hydroxides; agriculture; agricultural wastes

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  • IPEN-DOC 26862

    GARCIA, PAULO R.A.F.; PRYMAK, OLEG; GRASMIK, VIKTORIA; PAPPERT, KEVIN; WLYSSES, WAGNER; OTUBO, LARISSA ; EPPLE, MATTHIAS; OLIVEIRA, CRISTIANO L.P.. An in situ SAXS investigation of the formation of silver nanoparticles and bimetallic silver–gold nanoparticles in controlled wet-chemical reduction synthesis. Nanoscale Advances, v. 2, n. 1, p. 225-238, 2020. DOI: 10.1039/c9na00569b

    Abstract: We present a study on the formation of silver (Ag) and bimetallic silver–gold (AgAu) nanoparticlesmonitored by in situ SAXS as well as by ex situ TEM, XRD and UV-vis analysis in a flow reactor at controlled reaction temperature. The formation mechanism of the nanoparticles is derived from the structural parameters obtained from the experimental data. The evolution of the average particle size of pure and alloyed nanoparticles shows that the particle growth occurs initially by a coalescence mechanism. The later growth of pure silver nanoparticles is well described by Ostwald ripening and for the alloyed nanoparticles by a process with a significantly slower growth rate. Additionally, the SAXS data of pure silver nanoparticles revealed two major populations of nanoparticles, the first one with a continuous crystal growth to a saturation plateau, and the second one probably with a continuous emergence of small new crystals. The particle sizes obtained by SAXS agree well with the results from transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The present study demonstrates the capability of an in situ investigation of synthesis processes using a laboratory based SAXS instrument. Online monitoring of the synthesis permitted a detailed investigation of the structural evolution of the system.

    Palavras-Chave: nanoparticles; small angle scattering; x-ray diffraction; silver; bimetals; gold; monte carlo method; nanostructures; alloys

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  • IPEN-DOC 25206

    FREITAS, LUCAS F. de ; VARCA, GUSTAVO H.C. ; BATISTA, JORGE G. dos S. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. . An overview of the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using radiation technologies. Nanomaterials, v. 8, n. 11, 2018. DOI: 10.3390/nano8110939

    Abstract: At a nano-level, optical properties of gold are unique and gave birth to an emerging platform of nanogold-based systems for diverse applications, because gold nanoparticle properties are tunable as a function of size and shape. Within the available techniques for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles, the radiolytic synthesis allows proper control of the nucleation process without the need for reducing agents, in a single step, combined or not with simultaneous sterilization. This review details and summarizes the use of radiation technologies for the synthesis and preparation of gold nanoparticles concerning fundamental aspects, mechanism, current pathways for synthesis and radiation sources, as well as briefly outlines final applications and some toxicity aspects related to nanogold-based systems.

    Palavras-Chave: gold; nanoparticles; gamma radiation; electron beams; x-ray sources; radiolysis; nanotechnology; medicine; diagnostic uses; ionizing radiations

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  • IPEN-DOC 26762

    SIERRA, JULIAN H.; CARVALHO, DANIEL O.; SAMAD, RICARDO E. ; RANGEL, RICARDO C.; ALAYO, MARCO I.. Analysis and measurement of the non-linear refractive index of SiOxNy using pedestal waveguides. In: SYMPOSIUM ON MICROELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES, 34th, August 26-30, 2019, São Paulo, SP. Proceedings... Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/SBMicro.2019.8919392

    Abstract: In this work, the non-linear refractive index (n2) of silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) is determined, obtaining a value for this material of n2 = 2.11×10-19 m2/W. The results demonstrate that this material has interesting properties for the development of non-linear optical devices. The paper presents in detail the waveguide fabrication process using the pedestal technique, which allows using different materials since it does not require etching to define the sidewalls of the waveguides. We show the results of the measurement of the n2 employing the non-linear optical phenomena of Self-Phase Modulation (SPM).

    Palavras-Chave: optical equipment; photons; silicon nitrides; silicon oxides; microelectronics

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  • IPEN-DOC 28134

    RODRIGUES, RAQUEL V.; SAMPAIO, CAMILA S.; GIROTTO, ALINE C.; PINHATTI, CAROLINE P.; IWAMOTO, ALEXSANDRA S.; FREITAS, ANDERSON Z. de ; AMBROSANO, GLAUCIA M.B.; PUPPIN-RONTANI, REGINA M.; PASCON, FERNANDA M.. Analysis of enamel/restoration interface submitted cariogenic challenge and fluoride release. Microscopy Research and Technique, v. 84, n. 12, p. 2857-2866, 2021. DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23844

    Abstract: The treatment of high-risk patients still is a challenge. The understanding and development non-invasive, non-destructive, and non-ionizing techniques, can help to guide the treatment and the diagnosis of primary and recurrent caries. The present study evaluated the behavior of enamel/restoration interface after a cariogenic challenge by Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination, and the fluoride release of the different restorative materials. Cavities (1.5 × 0.5 mm) were performed in enamel surface and divided into groups (n = 8): glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and resin composite (RC). The samples were submitted to pH-cycling, and the solutions analyzed for cumulative fluoride by ion-analyzer. The morphology was analyzed by SEM through replicas. The optical attenuation coefficient (OAC) was calculated through exponential decay from the images generated by FD-OCT. Data were analyzed considering α = 0.05. OAC values increased for all groups after pH-cycling indicating demineralization (p < .05). Considering the remineralizing solution, RMGIC presented higher fluoride release rate, followed by GIC, while RC did not release any fluoride. Yet for the demineralizing solution, RMGIC and GIC released similar fluoride rates, overcoming RC (p < .05). Micrographs revealed no changes on the restorations margins, although enamel detachment was observed for RC and GIC after pH-cycling.

    Palavras-Chave: dentistry; caries; enamels; biological recovery; demineralization; fluorides

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  • IPEN-DOC 29836

    MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; CACHEFFO, ALEXANDRE ; ANDRADE, IZABEL da S. ; LOPES, FABIO JULIANO da S. ; GOMES, ANTONIO A. ; LANDULFO, EDUARDO . Analyzing the influence of vehicular traffic on the concentration of pollutants in the city of São Paulo: an approach based on pandemic SARS-CoV-2 data and deep learning. Atmosphere, v. 14, n. 10, p. 1-16, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/atmos14101578

    Abstract: This study employs surface and remote sensing data jointly with deep learning techniques to examine the influence of vehicular traffic in the seasonal patterns of CO, NO2 , PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations in the São Paulo municipality, as the period of physical distancing (March 2020 to December 2021), due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the resumption of activities, made it possible to observe significant variations in the flow of vehicles in the city of São Paulo. Firstly, an analysis of the planetary boundary layer height and ventilation coefficient was performed to identify the seasons’ patterns of pollution dispersion. Then, the variations (from 2018 to 2021) of the seasonal average values of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and thermal inversion occurrence/position were compared to identify possible variations in the patterns of such variables that would justify (or deny) the occurrence of more favorable conditions for pollutants dispersion. However, no significant variations were found. Finally, the seasonal average concentrations of the previously mentioned pollutants were compared from 2018 to 2021, and the daily concentrations observed during the pandemic period were compared with a model based on an artificial neural network. Regarding the concentration of pollutants, the primarily sourced from vehicular traffic (CO and NO2 ) exhibited substantial variations, demonstrating an inverse relationship with the rate of social distancing. In addition, the measured concentrations deviated from the predictive model during periods of significant social isolation. Conversely, pollutants that were not primarily linked to vehicular sources (PM2.5 and PM10) exhibited minimal variation from 2018 to 2021; thus, their measured concentration remained consistent with the prediction model.

    Palavras-Chave: urban areas; air pollution; air quality; machine learning; vehicles; coronaviruses

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  • IPEN-DOC 26464

    CARVALHO, LUMA R. de . Análise automatizada da frequência de micronúcleos em culturas celulares expostas a agentes genotóxicos físicos e quimícos / Automated analysis of the frequency of micronuclei in cell cultures exposed to physical and chemical genotoxic agents . 2019. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 58 p. Orientador: Daniel Perez Vieira. DOI: 10.11606/D.85.2019.tde-22072019-075930

    Abstract: O ensaio de frequência de micronúcleos é uma técnica importante utilizada para avaliar danos genotóxicos de agentes químicos ou físicos (como radiação ionizante) em células, baseado na quantificação de células contendo micronúcleos, que são fragmentos derivados de DNA danificado com coloração semelhante ao dos núcleos principais, mas com 5 a 30% do seu tamanho. Tradicionalmente, este ensaio é realizado usando microscopia de coloração convencional de acordo com Giemsa, mas atualmente esta técnica está sendo atualizada para uma abordagem automatizada que se baseia na dissolução da membrana plasmática por detergentes levando em conta apenas núcleos e micronúcleos com seu DNA corados por corantes fluorescentes, que pode discriminar núcleos de células viáveis dos das células inviáveis e permite a contagem por citometria de fluxo. Este trabalho avaliou a extensão de dano genotóxico radioinduzido por radiação gama (60Co) em doses entre 0,5 e 16Gy, e o potencial genotóxico de três peptídeos utilizados em medicina nuclear (PSMA-617, PSMA-11 e Ubiquicidina 29-41). As membranas celulares foram lisadas na presença dos corantes SYTOX® Green e EMA, e núcleos marcados com os dois fluorocromos foram considerados provenientes de células inviáveis e, portanto, removidos da análise. As quantidades de micronúcleos (porcentagem de eventos) nas amostras, foram proporcionais às doses de radiação, e puderam ser ajustadas a um modelo linear-quadrático (R2 = 0,993). Somente doses mais altas (8 e 16 Gy) e controles positivos induziram aumentos relevantes nas quantidades de micronúcleos. Os radiofármacos foram testados com concentrações de 0,1x, x, 10x e 100x a concentração utilizada em adultos, e não induziram dano em concentrações praticáveis.

    Palavras-Chave: cell cultures; gene regulation; dna; chelating agents; toxic frequency control; microstructure; substances control acts; physical properties; chemical properties; radiopharmaceuticals; gamma radiation

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  • IPEN-DOC 29744

    OLIVEIRA, SORAIA B. de . Análise do perfil da expressão de canais de zinco no adenocarcinoma renal humano após quimioterapia / Analysis of zinc channels expression profile in human renal adenocarcinoma after chemotherapy . 2022. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 72 p. Orientador: Maria Helena Bellini Marumo. DOI: 10.11606/D.85.2022.tde-10032023-124258

    Abstract: O Carcinoma de células renais (CCR) representa, aproximadamente, 90% das neoplasias malignas renais, e é o mais agressivo dos tumores urológicos. Seu subtipo patológico mais frequente é o de células claras (CCRcc), frequentemente associado a mutação do gene supressor de tumor de Von Hippel-Liundal (VHL). O Temsirolimus (TEM) é um fármaco de terapia-alvo, com ação antiangiogênica e antiproliferativa que atua como um inibidor seletivo da via da Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). O Zn é um elemento essencial para o metabolismo e homeostase celular. A família de transportadores responsáveis pelo controle homeostático do Zn são o ZnT e a família de transportadores ZIP. Dada a a importância do elemento Zn para a homeostase celular e a escassez de trabalhos encontrados sobre os mecanismos de controle de sua homeostase, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil da expressão dos transportadores de Zn em células normais do túbulo proximal renal e no adenocarcinoma renal humano de células claras e o perfil da expressão dos transportadores das células do adenocarcinoma renal após o tratamento com TEM. Desta forma, foi verificada a avaliação da expressão do RNAm dos canais de Zn das amostras HK-2, 786-0 e 786-0/TEM pela técnica de Real Time q-PCR e a avaliação da expressão proteica dos grupos de amostra pela técnica de Western Blotting. Houve concordância entre resultados das duas técnicas empregadas. Verificou-se uma diminuição significativa na expressão dos canais ZnT1 e ZIP10 e um aumento significativo na expressão do canal ZIP11 na linhagem 786-0 quando comparado ao HK-2. Após o tratamento da linhagem 786-0, os canais ZnT4, ZIP10, ZIP11 e ZIP14 apresentaram uma diminuição significativa. O único canal que não apresentou diferença de expressão entre os grupos avaliados foi o ZIP4. Os resultados obtidos apresentam uma diferença no perfil de expressão entre a linhagem tumoral e a linhagem normal. Observou-se que o tratamento quimioterápico modulou a expressão dos canais transportadores de forma negativa.

    Palavras-Chave: neoplasms; carcinomas; kidneys; chemotherapy; metabolismo; omeostasis; zinc ions; bioassay

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  • IPEN-DOC 27533

    RABELO, THAIS F. ; ZEZELL, DENISE MARIA . Análise in vitro dos efeitos da radiação ionizante sobre o esmalte dental, cimento resinoso e facetas laminadas de porcelana. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 91-92.

    Palavras-Chave: dentistry; teeth; enamels; porcelain; gamma radiation; in vitro; radiotherapy

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A pesquisa no RD utiliza os recursos de busca da maioria das bases de dados. No entanto algumas dicas podem auxiliar para obter um resultado mais pertinente.

✔ É possível efetuar a busca de um autor ou um termo em todo o RD, por meio do Buscar no Repositório , isto é, o termo solicitado será localizado em qualquer campo do RD. No entanto esse tipo de pesquisa não é recomendada a não ser que se deseje um resultado amplo e generalizado.

✔ A pesquisa apresentará melhor resultado selecionando um dos filtros disponíveis em Navegar

✔ Os filtros disponíveis em Navegar tais como: Coleções, Ano de publicação, Títulos, Assuntos, Autores, Revista, Tipo de publicação são autoexplicativos. O filtro, Autores IPEN apresenta uma relação com os autores vinculados ao IPEN; o ID Autor IPEN diz respeito ao número único de identificação de cada autor constante no RD e sob o qual estão agrupados todos os seus trabalhos independente das variáveis do seu nome; Tipo de acesso diz respeito à acessibilidade do documento, isto é , sujeito as leis de direitos autorais, ID RT apresenta a relação dos relatórios técnicos, restritos para consulta das comunidades indicadas.

A opção Busca avançada utiliza os conectores da lógica boleana, é o melhor recurso para combinar chaves de busca e obter documentos relevantes à sua pesquisa, utilize os filtros apresentados na caixa de seleção para refinar o resultado de busca. Pode-se adicionar vários filtros a uma mesma busca.

Exemplo:

Buscar os artigos apresentados em um evento internacional de 2015, sobre loss of coolant, do autor Maprelian.

Autor: Maprelian

Título: loss of coolant

Tipo de publicação: Texto completo de evento

Ano de publicação: 2015

✔ Para indexação dos documentos é utilizado o Thesaurus do INIS, especializado na área nuclear e utilizado em todos os países membros da International Atomic Energy Agency – IAEA , por esse motivo, utilize os termos de busca de assunto em inglês; isto não exclui a busca livre por palavras, apenas o resultado pode não ser tão relevante ou pertinente.

✔ 95% do RD apresenta o texto completo do documento com livre acesso, para aqueles que apresentam o significa que e o documento está sujeito as leis de direitos autorais, solicita-se nesses casos contatar a Biblioteca do IPEN, [email protected] .

✔ Ao efetuar a busca por um autor o RD apresentará uma relação de todos os trabalhos depositados no RD. No lado direito da tela são apresentados os coautores com o número de trabalhos produzidos em conjunto bem como os assuntos abordados e os respectivos anos de publicação agrupados.

✔ O RD disponibiliza um quadro estatístico de produtividade, onde é possível visualizar o número dos trabalhos agrupados por tipo de coleção, a medida que estão sendo depositados no RD.

✔ Na página inicial nas referências são sinalizados todos os autores IPEN, ao clicar nesse símbolo será aberta uma nova página correspondente à aquele autor – trata-se da página do pesquisador.

✔ Na página do pesquisador, é possível verificar, as variações do nome, a relação de todos os trabalhos com texto completo bem como um quadro resumo numérico; há links para o Currículo Lattes e o Google Acadêmico ( quando esse for informado).

ATENÇÃO!

ESTE TEXTO "AJUDA" ESTÁ SUJEITO A ATUALIZAÇÕES CONSTANTES, A MEDIDA QUE NOVAS FUNCIONALIDADES E RECURSOS DE BUSCA FOREM SENDO DESENVOLVIDOS PELAS EQUIPES DA BIBLIOTECA E DA INFORMÁTICA.

O gerenciamento do Repositório está a cargo da Biblioteca do IPEN. Constam neste RI, até o presente momento 20.950 itens que tanto podem ser artigos de periódicos ou de eventos nacionais e internacionais, dissertações e teses, livros, capítulo de livros e relatórios técnicos. Para participar do RI-IPEN é necessário que pelo menos um dos autores tenha vínculo acadêmico ou funcional com o Instituto. Nesta primeira etapa de funcionamento do RI, a coleta das publicações é realizada periodicamente pela equipe da Biblioteca do IPEN, extraindo os dados das bases internacionais tais como a Web of Science, Scopus, INIS, SciElo além de verificar o Currículo Lattes. O RI-IPEN apresenta também um aspecto inovador no seu funcionamento. Por meio de metadados específicos ele está vinculado ao sistema de gerenciamento das atividades do Plano Diretor anual do IPEN (SIGEPI). Com o objetivo de fornecer dados numéricos para a elaboração dos indicadores da Produção Cientifica Institucional, disponibiliza uma tabela estatística registrando em tempo real a inserção de novos itens. Foi criado um metadado que contém um número único para cada integrante da comunidade científica do IPEN. Esse metadado se transformou em um filtro que ao ser acionado apresenta todos os trabalhos de um determinado autor independente das variáveis na forma de citação do seu nome.

A elaboração do projeto do RI do IPEN foi iniciado em novembro de 2013, colocado em operação interna em julho de 2014 e disponibilizado na Internet em junho de 2015. Utiliza o software livre Dspace, desenvolvido pelo Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Para descrição dos metadados adota o padrão Dublin Core. É compatível com o Protocolo de Arquivos Abertos (OAI) permitindo interoperabilidade com repositórios de âmbito nacional e internacional.

1. Portaria IPEN-CNEN/SP nº 387, que estabeleceu os princípios que nortearam a criação do RDI, clique aqui.


2. A experiência do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP) na criação de um Repositório Digital Institucional – RDI, clique aqui.

O Repositório Digital do IPEN é um equipamento institucional de acesso aberto, criado com o objetivo de reunir, preservar, disponibilizar e conferir maior visibilidade à Produção Científica publicada pelo Instituto, desde sua criação em 1956.

Operando, inicialmente como uma base de dados referencial o Repositório foi disponibilizado na atual plataforma, em junho de 2015. No Repositório está disponível o acesso ao conteúdo digital de artigos de periódicos, eventos, nacionais e internacionais, livros, capítulos, dissertações, teses e relatórios técnicos.

A elaboração do projeto do RI do IPEN foi iniciado em novembro de 2013, colocado em operação interna em julho de 2014 e disponibilizado na Internet em junho de 2015. Utiliza o software livre Dspace, desenvolvido pelo Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Para descrição dos metadados adota o padrão Dublin Core. É compatível com o Protocolo de Arquivos Abertos (OAI) permitindo interoperabilidade com repositórios de âmbito nacional e internacional.

O gerenciamento do Repositório está a cargo da Biblioteca do IPEN. Constam neste RI, até o presente momento 20.950 itens que tanto podem ser artigos de periódicos ou de eventos nacionais e internacionais, dissertações e teses, livros, capítulo de livros e relatórios técnicos. Para participar do RI-IPEN é necessário que pelo menos um dos autores tenha vínculo acadêmico ou funcional com o Instituto. Nesta primeira etapa de funcionamento do RI, a coleta das publicações é realizada periodicamente pela equipe da Biblioteca do IPEN, extraindo os dados das bases internacionais tais como a Web of Science, Scopus, INIS, SciElo além de verificar o Currículo Lattes. O RI-IPEN apresenta também um aspecto inovador no seu funcionamento. Por meio de metadados específicos ele está vinculado ao sistema de gerenciamento das atividades do Plano Diretor anual do IPEN (SIGEPI). Com o objetivo de fornecer dados numéricos para a elaboração dos indicadores da Produção Cientifica Institucional, disponibiliza uma tabela estatística registrando em tempo real a inserção de novos itens. Foi criado um metadado que contém um número único para cada integrante da comunidade científica do IPEN. Esse metadado se transformou em um filtro que ao ser acionado apresenta todos os trabalhos de um determinado autor independente das variáveis na forma de citação do seu nome.